Language activity

Exercise 1. Summarize your knowledge of the non-finite forms of the verb and translate the following sentences.

1. Light generated by a laser is known as coherent light.

2. The thin beams of coherent light are used to build laser radar systems.

3. A power supply pumps energy into the active medium exciting the active atoms and making amplification possible.

4. Breaking the circuit causes sparking.

5. The problem to be discussed is connected with the laws of quantum mechanics.

6. She informed us of his having checked and improved the theory.

7. Having made many tests scientist got interesting results.

Exercise 2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the participles.

1. Russian scientists are successfully developing quantum generators called lasers.

2. The mechanism described played an important role in this process.

3. The data presented have been obtained from two series of experiments.

4. An injected excited electron can be stimulated for emitting a proton.

5. Placing a magnetic material in the field of another magnet we can magnetize it to a certain degree.

6. Functioning as a generator the laser is used as a source of coherent light.

7. Having such properties as high intensity, coherence and directionality the laser is a unique source of radiation.

Exercise 3. Summarize your knowledge of the Absolute Participle Construction. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The solid being heated, its phones become more and more energetic.

2. The Curies discovered radioactive elements radium and polonium, the latter being named after M. Curie’s native country Poland.

3. An electron leaving the surface, the metal becomes positively charged.

4. The cell being charged, a certain quantity of electricity is passed through it.

5. The scanning electron microscope employs either two, three or four electron-optical lenses, all performing the same function.

6. Atoms being held together by electromagnetic forces, their electromagnetic properties can be accurately predicted.

Exercise 4. Summarize your knowledge of emphatic structure “It is (was) … that” and translate the sentences into Russian according to the model.

Example: It was a ruby crystal that was used in the first lasers.

Именно рубиновый кристалл использовался в первых лазерах.

It was after my first accident that I started driving more carefully.

Только после своей первой аварии я стал ездить более осторожно.

1. It was after the invention of the heterojunction laser that it became possible to operate semiconductor CW laser at the room temperature.

2. It is the Х-holography of cells that resulted in obtaining three dimensional pictures with a resolution of a few angströms.

3. It is due to the irradiation of the foil by the pump beam of high intensity that a highly ionized Se plasma could be formed.

4. It was invention of a floppy disk that resulted in a convenient way to read computer programs.

5. It is because the FELs are so large and expensive, that their application is practically limited by the frequency ranges unavailable for conventional lasers.

6. It is due to the Fabry-Perot etalon that the fine tuning can be achieved in color-centers lasers.

7. It was academician Denisyuk’s fundamental discovery that paved the way to three-dimensional television.