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Language activity

Exercise 1. Define the functions of Infinitive Constructions in each sentence.

  1. The idea of the experiment is to transform gas into metal.

  2. Astronomers use radar to explore the Universe.

  3. The experiment is to be carried out at low pressure.

  4. To transmit the human voice around the Earth became possible by means of radio.

  5. I’m glad to have come in time to see her off.

  6. The instrument to be tested will help us to compare the sources of illumination.

  7. To understand this rule we have to read it several times.

  8. I don't want to burden you with my own troubles.

  9. To carry more current a larger conductor must be used.

  10. The telephone is out of order, you'll have to make your call from a public phone.

  11. To prove this law experimentally is very difficult.

  12. Higher education is a major issue to be discussed.

Exercise 2. Translate the sentences paying special attention to Infinitive Constructions.

  1. The radius of our orbit is believed to be increasing very slowly.

  2. The copper to be refined is cast into large plates.

  3. This property allows the alpha particles to be detected.

  4. There appeared to be two distinct effects in this case.

  5. Electrons can be made to travel at very high speeds.

  6. The idea of nuclear charge and atomic number is now realized to be most important.

  7. The cooling is effected by methods to be discussed in the next chapter.

  8. A certain period of time must be allowed for the oil drops to be removed by the electric field or by precipitation.

  9. There appears to be direct evidence of the existence of negative electrons in matter.

  1. The distance “d” was calculated and found to be 2.814 angströms.

  2. The best agreement is to be found in the case of carbonic acid.

  3. In our discussion the nucleus will be taken to be at rest.

  4. We may suppose the alpha-particles within nucleus to be in motion.

  5. Ordinary objects are not likely to move with a velocity approaching the velocity of light.

Exercise 3. Translate from Russian into English.

  1. В статье описывается полупроводниковый лазер.

  2. Полупроводниковый лазер на арсениде галлия был изготовлен в 1962 г.

  3. Он состоит из двух слоев арсенида галлия.

  4. Один слой – это слой n-типа, а другой – p-типа.

  5. Инжекционный лазер имеет очень ровный (плоский) переход.

  6. Два параллельных зеркала образуют объемный резонатор.

  7. Лазеры работают при t0=77К и ниже.

  8. Когерентный свет выходит из перехода между двумя слоями арсенида галлия.

  9. Зеркала обеспечивают обратную связь.

  10. Излучение выходит только с одной стороны прибора.

  11. Главное преимущество полупроводникового лазера – самый высокий КПД.

  12. Полупроводниковые лазеры возбуждаются электрическим током.

Exercise 4. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the structure “is made to do”.

1. In this laser the electron is made to pass through the magnetic field generated by the wiggler.

2. The first FEL was made to operate at λ=3.4 mm using the Standford University linear accelerator.

3. Only two types of color-centres have been made to lase.

4. Mode-locked color-center lasers emitted at λ=1.5 mm have been made to generate very short pulses in single-mode fibers.

5. X-ray lasers are usually made to operate without mirror.

6. Semiconductor lasers were made to operate CW at room temperature after the invention of the heterojunction laser in 1969.